The Petroleum coke, commonly called petcoke, is a carbon-rich solid material derived from the oil refining process. It is produced during the thermal decomposition of heavy petroleum fractions in coker units. Petcoke has a high calorific value and is widely used as a fuel in power generation, cement kilns, and industrial furnaces due to its high energy content. Its composition mainly includes carbon, with small amounts of sulfur, nitrogen, and trace metals depending on the crude oil source. Beyond energy use, petroleum coke serves as a key raw material in the aluminum, steel, and chemical industries, where it is processed into anodes, electrodes, and other carbon products. The quality of petcoke is assessed based on its sulfur content, volatile matter, and ash content, which influence combustion efficiency and environmental impact. There are different grades, such as fuel-grade and calcined petcoke, each suited for specific applications. Calcined petroleum coke undergoes further heat treatment to remove moisture and volatile matter, making it ideal for industrial carbon products. Fuel-grade petcoke is mainly used for direct combustion in power plants and cement production. While petcoke is cost-effective and energy-dense, its high sulfur content requires careful handling and emission control. Overall, petroleum coke is an important byproduct of refining with diverse industrial applications ranging from energy generation to metallurgical and chemical processes.