The Metal casting is a technique that converts molten metal into solid forms by filling a hollow mold cavity. The production cycle starts by choosing the right metal and melting it inside a furnace at extremely high heat. When the metal becomes fully liquid and free of solid particles, it is transferred to the pouring stage. The mold cavity determines the shape, and once filled, the metal takes the form as it cools. Cooling is a natural but important stage as it affects the structural strength of the final component. Molds may include gating systems to guide the molten metal and vents that allow air to escape to prevent bubbles.

Metal casting is known for creating strong, heat-resistant, and load-bearing components. Industries use casting to make engine blocks, gears, pumps, pipes, valves, and metal housings. Casted parts often support rough environments where pressure, temperature shifts, or mechanical load are constantly changing. Modern foundries also integrate recycling loops where extra metal is remelted and reused, improving efficiency. Casting also allows flexibility — small precision parts with fine finish can be made with special molds, while large heavy equipment parts can be formed with simpler molds. This adaptability has helped metal casting stay relevant from ancient metalworking to modern industrial production.